International Chess Day

International Chess Day was established by the United Nations and is celebrated annually on July 20. Fans of this intellectual game around the world use the day to honor their passion. The tradition has been going strong for over half a century, and each year more and more people take part.

History

The exact origin of chess remains a subject of debate. Some historians trace it back to India, others to China or Central Asia. One widely accepted theory is that chess evolved from *chaturanga*, an ancient Indian strategy game. *Chaturanga* included several distinct pieces with different moves and goals, and victory was based on capturing a key piece—much like modern chess. The game made its way to Europe through Persia, Byzantium, and the Arab world, eventually becoming the version we know today.

Interesting Facts

• Chess pieces traditionally have no human or animal likenesses, a design influenced by Islamic culture, which discourages depicting living beings.
• In the 10th century, chess spread from the Arab world to Africa, Spain, and Sicily. It reached England and Iceland thanks to the Vikings.
• The game gained popularity due to its association with intelligence, wealth, and social status.
• The modern chessboard with alternating light and dark squares was introduced by an Englishman in the Middle Ages.
• July 20 marks the founding date of FIDE, the International Chess Federation.

How to Take Part

Join a local chess club—many schools, libraries, and community centers host them. You can also find online groups and virtual tournaments. If you’re new to the game, now is a great time to learn. Chess sharpens the mind, teaches strategic thinking, and introduces you to a global community. You could even host a chess-themed movie night—there are plenty of films dedicated to the game’s beauty and complexity.

When is International Chess Day in 2025?

International Chess Day is observed annually on July 20.

Observations